The class of motorcycle license you need depends on the engine size and type of bike you want to ride

Most states use a tiered system where smaller bikes require a basic motorcycle endorsement, and larger or more powerful bikes require a separate license class or additional endorsement. The exact names and engine thresholds vary by state — some use "Class M" or "Class D," others use "Motorcycle" with subcategories. The key difference is engine displacement, measured in cubic centimeters (cc), and sometimes the bike's power output in horsepower.

Your state's Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) or equivalent agency sets these rules and administers the tests. Before you take any test, you need to know which class applies to the bike you own or plan to buy, because riding a bike that exceeds your license class is illegal and can result in fines or license suspension.

Key Takeaways

  • Most states have at least two motorcycle license classes: one for smaller bikes (usually under 500 cc) and one for all bikes, with some states adding a middle tier around 500–700 cc.
  • The engine size threshold that determines which class you need varies by state, so you must check your specific state's DMV rules before buying a motorcycle.
  • You typically need to pass a written test, a riding skills test, and a vision test to get a motorcycle license or endorsement, though some states waive the riding test if you complete an approved safety course.
  • A motorcycle endorsement adds to your regular driver's license, while a separate motorcycle license class replaces it for that vehicle type — the structure depends on your state.

Common motorcycle license classes and engine size thresholds

Most states recognize a basic motorcycle class for bikes under 500 cc and a full motorcycle class for all bikes. Some states add a middle tier. Here is what you are likely to encounter:

Restricted or limited motorcycle class (often called Class M1 or M2) typically covers bikes under 500 cc. This class is sometimes available to younger riders or as a stepping stone before upgrading to an unrestricted license. Riders on this class may also face restrictions on carrying passengers or riding at night, depending on the state.

Unrestricted or full motorcycle class (often called Class M or Class D) covers all motorcycles, including large-displacement bikes over 1000 cc. This is the standard class most adult riders pursue. Once you have this class, you can legally ride any street-legal motorcycle.

Moped or motorized bicycle class (sometimes Class M3 or similar) covers very small bikes, typically under 50 cc. Some states do not require a separate license for mopeds; instead, you add an endorsement to your regular driver's license. Rules vary widely, so check your state's specific definitions.

How to find your state's specific motorcycle license requirements

Because thresholds and class names differ by state, you cannot assume what applies in one state applies in another. Your state's DMV website lists the exact engine displacement limits, the documents you need to bring, and the test format.

Search "[Your State] DMV motorcycle license" or "[Your State] motorcycle endorsement" to reach the official page. Look for a section titled "Motorcycle License Classes," "Motorcycle Endorsement," or "Motorcycle Requirements." The page should show a table or list with engine size ranges and the corresponding license class.

If the website is unclear, call your local DMV office directly. Staff can tell you which class covers the specific bike you own and what tests you need to pass. Bring the motorcycle's Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) or registration if you have it — that makes it easier for them to confirm the engine size.

What tests you will take to get a motorcycle license

Most states require three components: a written knowledge test, a riding skills test, and a vision screening. Some states waive the riding test if you complete an approved motorcycle safety course, such as one offered by the Motorcycle Safety Foundation (MSF).

The written test covers traffic laws, road signs, and motorcycle-specific safety — things like how to brake on gravel or what to do if your chain breaks. You study a handbook provided by your DMV; the test is usually 25 to 50 questions, and you need to pass with a score of 80 percent or higher.

The riding skills test takes place in a closed course, not on public roads. An examiner watches you perform maneuvers like figure-eights, emergency stops, and slow-speed turns. You bring your own motorcycle (or rent one from a testing facility if your state allows it). This test lasts 10 to 20 minutes and focuses on control and safety, not speed.

The vision test checks that you can see well enough to ride safely. You read an eye chart, and the examiner may test your peripheral vision and ability to see at night. If you wear glasses or contacts, you must wear them during the test and have that restriction noted on your license.

Motorcycle safety courses and test waivers

Taking an approved motorcycle safety course can shorten the licensing process. Many states waive the riding skills test if you complete a course and bring a certificate of completion to the DMV. Some states also waive the written test or reduce the written test score requirement.

The Motorcycle Safety Foundation (MSF) and state-run programs like the Motorcycle Operator Safety Training (MOST) offer courses in most states. These courses run one to three days and teach both classroom material and hands-on riding. You do not need to own a motorcycle to take the course — the program provides bikes for students.

Even if your state does not waive tests for course completion, taking a safety course before you test is a smart move. People who complete a course have higher test pass rates and are less likely to be in accidents after they get their license.

Restrictions that come with certain motorcycle license classes

Some states impose restrictions on riders with a limited or restricted motorcycle class. These restrictions may include engine size caps, passenger restrictions, or nighttime riding bans. Restrictions are usually tied to age — younger riders may be required to start with a restricted class and upgrade after a set period.

For example, a state might allow a 16-year-old to get a restricted class covering bikes up to 500 cc with no passengers, then upgrade to the unrestricted class at 18. Check your state's rules to see if age-based restrictions explore to you. If you are upgrading from a restricted to an unrestricted class, you may need to pass another riding test or straightforward pay a fee and update your license — this varies by state.

What happens if you ride a bike that exceeds your license class

Riding a motorcycle that is larger or more powerful than your license class permits is illegal. If you are stopped by police, you can face a traffic citation, a fine (typically $100 to $500, depending on the state), and points on your driving record. In some states, riding outside your class can also result in a license suspension.

Beyond legal consequences, riding a bike you are not licensed for may also affect insurance claims. If you are in an accident while riding illegally, your insurance company may deny your claim, leaving you responsible for all damages and medical costs.

If you own a bike that exceeds your current license class, you have two options: upgrade your license by passing the required test, or do not ride that bike on public roads. Some riders keep a smaller bike for commuting and a larger bike for weekend riding once they upgrade their license.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I ride a motorcycle with just a regular driver's license?

No. A regular driver's license does not permit you to ride a motorcycle. You need a separate motorcycle license or endorsement, even if you have been driving cars for years. The skills and rules are different enough that states require a distinct test and license class.

Do I need to retake the written test if I upgrade from a restricted to an unrestricted motorcycle license?

It depends on your state. Some states require you to pass a new written test when you upgrade; others waive it and only require a riding skills test or a fee. Check your state's DMV website or call to confirm what is needed for your upgrade.

What if I fail the riding skills test?

You can retake it. Most states let you schedule another test within a few weeks at no extra charge, though some charge a small retest fee. Many people pass on their second or third attempt. If you fail multiple times, consider taking a motorcycle safety course to build your skills before trying again.

Can I take the motorcycle license test on a borrowed or rented bike?

Yes, in most states. You do not have to own the motorcycle you test on. Many DMV testing facilities rent bikes to test-takers, or you can bring a friend's bike if the examiner approves it. The bike must be street-legal and in working condition, and you must have proof of insurance or a temporary permit.

Does my motorcycle license class transfer if I move to a different state?

Your out-of-state license is valid for riding in most states, but if you become a resident of a new state, you will need to get a license from that state. Some states recognize your previous class and let you transfer it; others require you to retake tests. Contact your new state's DMV to find out what is required.