You get your driver's permit from your state's Department of Motor Vehicles or its equivalent agency

Every state runs its own licensing system, so the agency name and process differ slightly depending on where you live. In most states it's called the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), but some call it the Department of Licensing, Secretary of State's office, or Registry of Motor Vehicles. You cannot get a permit online or by mail in any state — you must visit in person with required documents, take a written test, and have your photo taken.

The permit itself is issued the same day you pass the test in most places, though a few states mail it to you within a week. You'll pay a fee that ranges by state, typically between $20 and $50 for a permit alone. Some states bundle the permit fee with the license fee if you're planning to take the road test soon after.

Key Takeaways

  • Find your state's DMV office location and hours on your state's official DMV website, which you can locate by searching "[your state] DMV" or "[your state] driver's license".
  • Bring a valid form of ID (passport, birth certificate, or state ID), proof of residency (utility bill or lease), and your Social Security number or ITIN when you visit.
  • You must pass a written test on traffic laws and road signs before the permit is issued; study materials are free on your state's DMV website.
  • The permit is valid for a set period — usually three to eight years depending on your state — and you must renew it if it expires before you pass your road test.

Finding your state's DMV office location and hours

Start by going to your state's official DMV website. Search "[your state] DMV" or "[your state] driver's license" in any search engine, and the state website will appear at the top. Do not use third-party sites that claim to help you get a permit — they often charge fees for information that is free on the state site.

Once on the official site, look for a section called "Locations," "Office Finder," or "Visit an Office." Enter your city or zip code to see which offices are near you. Check the hours before you go — many DMV offices have limited hours or are closed certain days. Some states let you make an appointment online, which can cut your wait time significantly. If your state offers appointments, book one before you visit.

What documents to bring to the DMV

You will need proof of identity, proof of residency, and your Social Security number or ITIN. For identity, bring a valid passport, birth certificate, or state ID card. If you're under 18, a school ID usually does not count as proof of identity on its own, so bring a passport or birth certificate instead.

For proof of residency, bring a recent utility bill, lease agreement, or bank statement with your current address on it. The document must be dated within the last 60 days in most states. If you live with a parent or guardian and are not on the utility bill, bring a notarized letter from them stating you live there, plus a copy of their ID and proof of their residency.

Bring your Social Security card or a document with your Social Security number on it. If you don't have a Social Security number, bring your ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) documentation. Some states also require proof of a legal name change if your current name differs from your birth certificate.

Taking the written test at the DMV

The written test covers traffic laws, road signs, and safe driving practices specific to your state. Most tests have 30 to 50 questions, and you typically need to score 70 to 80 percent to pass. The test is usually offered in multiple languages, and some states offer audio versions for people with reading disabilities.

Study materials are free on your state's DMV website — read the driver's manual and practice tests before you go. Many states also have free mobile apps with practice questions. Spending 30 minutes to an hour reviewing the manual before your visit makes passing much more likely. If you fail the test, you can usually retake it the same day or within a few days at no extra charge.

When you'll receive your permit and how long it's valid

In most states, you receive your permit the same day you pass the written test. The DMV will take your photo and issue a temporary permit on paper or plastic that you can use when ready. Some states mail the official permit card to your address within 7 to 10 days, but the temporary version is valid for driving during that time.

Your permit is valid for a set period depending on your state — typically three to eight years. Check your permit card for the expiration date. If your permit expires before you pass your road test and get your license, you must renew it at the DMV. Renewal usually costs less than the original permit fee and does not require retaking the written test.

Permit fees and what they cover

Permit fees vary by state and range from about $20 to $50. Some states charge one flat fee for both the permit and the license, while others charge separately. A few states offer reduced fees for people under 18 or over 65. Check your state's DMV website for the exact fee before you visit, and bring cash, a debit card, or a check — not all DMV offices accept all payment methods.

The fee covers the permit card itself and the administrative cost of processing your process. It does not cover the road test, which is a separate fee charged when you schedule your driving test. Road test fees typically range from $10 to $75 depending on your state.

What to do if you cannot visit the DMV in person

Every state requires an in-person visit to get a permit — there is no way around this step. However, if you have a disability that makes visiting difficult, many DMV offices offer accommodations. Call your local DMV office ahead of time to ask about accessible parking, wheelchair access, or the option to take the test in a private room. Some states allow a family member or caregiver to accompany you through the process.

If you live far from the nearest DMV office, check whether your state has mobile DMV units that visit smaller towns on a schedule. Some states also allow you to complete parts of the process online before your visit, which shortens the time you spend at the office.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I get a permit if I don't have a Social Security number?

Yes. Bring your ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) instead. If you don't have either, contact your state's DMV to ask what alternative documents they accept — some states allow a passport or consular ID in place of a Social Security number.

What happens if I fail the written test?

You can retake it when ready or within a few days at most DMV offices, usually at no extra charge. Some states limit retakes to a certain number per month. Study the practice tests on your state's DMV website before your next attempt.

Do I need a permit if I'm under 18?

Yes, every state requires a permit before you can drive, regardless of age. The permit is the first step toward getting a full driver's license. Some states have different rules for people over 18 — check your state's DMV website to see if the process differs for adults.

Can someone else pick up my permit for me?

No. You must be present at the DMV to take the written test and have your photo taken. The permit is issued to you in person only.

How much does a permit cost if I'm under 18?

Most states charge the same fee for all ages, but some offer reduced fees for minors or seniors. Check your state's DMV website for the exact fee, or call your local office to ask.