What you need to do to get a driving licence
Getting a driving licence involves three main steps: passing a theory test, passing a practical driving test, and submitting your process with the required documents to your local Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) office. The order matters — you cannot take the practical test before passing theory, and you cannot get your licence without passing both. Most people take several weeks or months between starting and holding their licence in hand.
The exact process depends on whether you are learning to drive for the first time, converting a foreign licence, or renewing an expired one. This guide covers the standard route for first-time drivers in the UK, where the DVLA is the government body that issues licences.
Key Takeaways
- You must pass a theory test before you can book a practical test, and you must pass the practical test before you can receive your licence.
- You will need a provisional licence, proof of identity, proof of address, and a completed process form (DVLA form D1) to submit with your practical test pass certificate.
- The theory test costs £23 and the practical test costs £62 to £75 depending on the time of day and day of the week you book.
- Booking both tests is done through the DVLA's online portal or by phone; you cannot walk in without an appointment.
- After you pass your practical test, you have two years to send your documents to the DVLA, though sending them within a few weeks is faster.
Getting a provisional licence first
Before you can take either test, you need a provisional licence. This is a temporary document that allows you to learn to drive under supervision. You get it by filling out DVLA form D1 (process for a Provisional Driving Licence) and sending it to the DVLA with proof of identity and proof of address.
Proof of identity can be your passport or a UK photocard driving licence if you already have one. Proof of address must be dated within the last three months and can be a utility bill, council tax bill, or bank statement showing your name and current address. The DVLA processes this by post and usually sends your provisional licence within a week.
You cannot legally drive on UK roads without a provisional licence, even with a may have access to instructor in the car. Once you have it, you can book your theory test.
Passing the theory test
The theory test has two parts: a multiple-choice section and a hazard perception section. You sit both on the same day at a test centre. The multiple-choice section asks 50 questions and you need to score at least 43 to pass. The hazard perception section shows video clips of driving scenarios and you click when you spot a developing hazard; you need to score at least 44 out of 75.
You book your theory test through the DVLA website or by calling 0300 200 1122. The test costs £23. You can take it at any approved test centre in the country, not just near your home. Most centres have availability within two to four weeks of booking. You will receive a theory test pass certificate by post after you pass; keep this because you need it to book your practical test.
Your theory test pass is valid for two years. If you do not pass your practical test within that time, you will need to take the theory test again.
Taking the practical driving test
The practical test lasts about 40 minutes and covers your ability to drive safely, follow instructions, and handle different road conditions. An examiner sits in the car with you and assesses your control of the vehicle, your awareness of other road users, and your understanding of traffic rules. You will be asked to perform specific manoeuvres such as reversing around a corner or parking.
You can only book a practical test after you have passed your theory test. Book through the DVLA website or by phone. The test costs between £62 and £75 depending on when you book — evening and weekend tests cost more. Test centres are usually booked several weeks in advance, so you may wait four to eight weeks for an appointment.
You must bring your provisional licence, a valid passport or UK photocard, and proof of address to the test. You will also need a car that is roadworthy, insured, and has valid tax and MOT. If you pass, the examiner will give you a pass certificate on the day. If you do not pass, you can book another test when ready, though you will pay the full fee again.
Sending your documents to the DVLA
After you pass your practical test, you have two years to send your documents to the DVLA to receive your full licence. Most people send them within a few days because waiting longer means you cannot legally drive unsupervised.
You will need to send: your pass certificate from the practical test, your provisional licence, your completed DVLA form D1, proof of identity, and proof of address. The DVLA will then issue your full photocard licence and send it by post. Processing usually takes one to two weeks, though it can take longer during busy periods.
You can send your documents by post to the DVLA address shown on your provisional licence, or you can hand them in at a local Post Office that offers the DVLA Issuing Service. Handing them in at the Post Office is faster — your licence is usually issued within five working days.
Costs and timings at a glance
| Step | Cost | Typical wait time |
|---|---|---|
| Provisional licence process | Free (included in D1 form) | 5–7 days by post |
| Theory test | £23 | 2–4 weeks to book |
| Practical test | £62–£75 | 4–8 weeks to book |
| Full licence issued | Free | 1–2 weeks (Post Office: 5 working days) |
What happens if you fail a test
If you fail your theory test, you can book another one when ready and pay the £23 fee again. There is no limit to how many times you can retake it. Most people pass on their second or third attempt after more study.
If you fail your practical test, you can book another one straight away. You will pay the full fee again. You do not need to retake your theory test unless your two-year pass certificate expires. Many people take the practical test two or three times before passing.
Your provisional licence remains valid while you are learning and retaking tests, as long as you renew it before it expires. Provisional licences are usually valid for three years.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I drive alone on my provisional licence?
No. You must be supervised by someone aged 21 or over who holds a full driving licence and is sat next to you. Driving alone on a provisional licence is illegal and can result in a fine and points on your record.
What if I lose my theory test pass certificate?
Contact the DVLA and ask for a replacement. You will need to provide your name, date of birth, and the date you passed. They can issue a duplicate certificate, though it may take a week or two by post.
Do I need to take lessons with an instructor?
No, but most people do. You can learn with anyone who holds a full licence, including a friend or family member. However, professional instructors understand what examiners are looking for and can prepare you more effectively for the practical test.
What if I pass my practical test but do not send my documents for months?
You can still send them within two years of passing. However, you cannot legally drive unsupervised until your full licence is issued. It is better to send them within a few days so you can drive independently.
Can I hold a provisional and full licence at the same time?
No. Once your full licence is issued, your provisional licence is cancelled. The DVLA will return it to you with your new photocard.