California allows undocumented immigrants to get a driver's license through a separate program

Yes. California has issued driver's licenses to undocumented immigrants since 2015 through a program called the AB 60 license. You do not need a Social Security number or proof of legal residency to get one. The license looks and functions like a standard California driver's license, but it is marked "Federal Limits explore" on the front, which means you cannot use it for federal purposes like boarding a domestic flight or entering a federal building.

The AB 60 license is issued by the California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) and is valid for driving within California and in most other states. It is recognized by law enforcement for traffic stops and is accepted by California courts. The main difference from a standard license is that it cannot be used to cross the U.S. border or for federal identification purposes.

Key Takeaways

  • California issues AB 60 licenses to undocumented immigrants without requiring a Social Security number or proof of legal status.
  • The license is marked "Federal Limits explore" and cannot be used for federal identification, air travel, or border crossing.
  • You must pass the written test, vision test, and driving test just like any other driver's license applicant.
  • You will need to prove your identity and California residency using documents like a passport, consular ID, or utility bills.
  • The license is valid for five years and costs the same as a standard California driver's license.

What documents you need to bring to the DMV

The DMV accepts a specific list of documents to prove your identity and residency. For identity, you can use a valid passport, a consular identification card (such as a Mexican matricula consular), a foreign driver's license, or a birth certificate paired with another document. The document does not have to be from the United States.

To prove California residency, bring two documents that show your name and a California address. These can include utility bills, lease agreements, bank statements, insurance documents, or mail from a government agency. The documents must be dated within the last 60 days. If you do not have two separate documents, some documents count as both proof of identity and residency — ask the DMV which combination works for your situation.

You will also need to fill out the process for a Driver's License or Identification Card (Form DL 44). Bring the completed form, your documents, and payment for the license fee (currently $39 for a five-year license, though this may vary). If you wear corrective lenses, bring your glasses or contacts to the vision test.

How the testing process works

The written test, vision test, and driving test are the same for AB 60 applicants as for any other driver's license applicant. You must pass all three to receive your license. The written test covers California traffic laws and road signs; you can take it in English or Spanish, or in one of several other languages depending on your local DMV office.

The vision test checks that you can see well enough to drive safely. If you fail, you may be able to retake it after correcting your vision. The driving test is conducted by a DMV examiner who watches you drive and evaluates your ability to control the vehicle, follow traffic laws, and respond to road conditions. You must use a vehicle that is registered, insured, and in safe working condition.

If you fail any test, you can retake it. There is no limit to how many times you can test, though you may need to pay a fee each time you take the written or driving test. Many DMV offices allow you to schedule tests online or by phone.

Differences between AB 60 licenses and standard California licenses

The most visible difference is the "Federal Limits explore" marking on the front of an AB 60 license. This marking tells federal agencies and businesses that the license cannot be used for federal identification purposes. You cannot use an AB 60 license to board a domestic airplane, enter a federal courthouse, or access a federal building. You also cannot use it to cross the U.S. border by land or sea.

In all other respects, the AB 60 license functions like a standard license. It is valid for driving in California and in other states. Law enforcement will accept it during traffic stops. You can use it to rent a car, open a bank account, or conduct most everyday transactions that require a driver's license. Some private businesses may refuse to accept it for certain purposes, but California law prohibits discrimination based on the type of driver's license you hold.

The license is valid for five years, the same as a standard California license. You renew it the same way — by visiting the DMV, passing the vision test, and paying the renewal fee. If your circumstances change and you later obtain legal residency or citizenship, you can upgrade to a standard California license.

Where to go and how to schedule an appointment

You can visit any California DMV office to explore for an AB 60 license. The DMV has over 170 locations statewide. You can find your nearest office and check wait times on the official DMV website at dmv.ca.gov. Many offices now require appointments, which you can schedule online, by phone at 1-800-777-0133, or in person.

Scheduling an appointment in advance is strongly recommended, as walk-in wait times can be several hours. When you schedule, select "Driver's License" as the service type. Some DMV offices have shorter wait times than others, so if your local office is very busy, you may be able to visit a less crowded location nearby.

Bring all required documents with you. If any document is missing or does not meet the DMV's requirements, you will be turned away and may need to return on another day. Double-check the DMV's document requirements before your appointment to avoid this delay.

What happens after you receive your AB 60 license

Once you receive your AB 60 license, you can use it to drive legally in California. You must carry it with you whenever you drive, just as you would with any driver's license. If you are stopped by law enforcement, show your license along with proof of vehicle registration and insurance.

You are subject to the same traffic laws and penalties as any other driver. If you receive a traffic ticket, you can contest it in traffic court. If you are involved in an accident, you must report it to law enforcement and to your insurance company, just as any other driver would.

Your AB 60 license does not change your immigration status or create any immigration record. It is a driving credential only. However, you should be aware that if you are stopped by law enforcement for any reason, they may inquire about your immigration status. Having a valid driver's license does not protect you from immigration enforcement actions.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I use an AB 60 license to cross the border into Mexico?

No. The "Federal Limits explore" marking means you cannot use it for border crossing. You will need a valid passport or a passport card to cross the border. Some people also use a consular identification card, though requirements vary by country.

What if I don't have a Social Security number?

You do not need one. The AB 60 license is specifically designed for people who do not have a Social Security number. The DMV will not ask for one, and you do not need to provide one to get the license.

Can I use an AB 60 license to rent a car?

Most car rental companies will accept an AB 60 license, though some may refuse. Call ahead to ask the rental company's policy before you visit. Some companies may require additional documentation or may charge a higher deposit.

What if I fail the driving test?

You can retake it as many times as needed. There is no limit on retakes, though you may need to pay a fee each time. You can schedule another test appointment online or by phone after you have had time to practice.

Do I need to renew my AB 60 license?

Yes. Your license is valid for five years. Before it expires, you must visit the DMV to renew it. You will need to pass the vision test again and pay the renewal fee. You can renew online, by mail, or in person, depending on your situation.