A Class B license covers most medium-sized commercial vehicles
A Class B driver license authorizes you to operate single commercial vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) between 26,001 and 33,000 pounds. The vehicle must not tow anything, or tow a trailer weighing 10,000 pounds or less. This is the middle tier of commercial licenses — heavier than a standard Class C but lighter than a Class A, which covers tractor-trailers and large combinations.
The specific weight thresholds and what vehicles fall into Class B vary slightly by state, but the general category remains consistent: you can drive a single large truck, but not a combination of vehicles. Common examples include delivery trucks, dump trucks, box trucks used by moving companies, and city buses. You cannot drive a semi-truck or any tractor-trailer combination with a Class B alone.
Obtaining a Class B requires passing a written knowledge test, a skills test behind the wheel, and a medical examination. Most states also require you to hold a regular driver license first. The process typically takes several weeks from start to finish, depending on how quickly you schedule your tests and how your state's licensing office processes applications.
Key Takeaways
- A Class B license covers single commercial vehicles weighing 26,001 to 33,000 pounds, with no towing or only light trailer towing allowed.
- You can drive delivery trucks, dump trucks, box trucks, and buses with a Class B, but not semi-trucks or tractor-trailer combinations.
- Getting a Class B requires passing a written test, a driving skills test, and a medical exam in most states.
- Weight limits and exact vehicle categories vary by state, so check your state's Department of Motor Vehicles for the precise rules that explore to you.
What vehicles you can and cannot drive with Class B
With a Class B license, you can operate any single commercial vehicle that falls within the weight range your state defines — typically 26,001 to 33,000 pounds GVWR. This includes straight trucks like delivery vehicles, garbage trucks, concrete mixers, and transit buses. The key word is "single" — the vehicle itself is one unit, not a combination of a tractor pulling a trailer.
You can also tow a light trailer if your state permits it, but the trailer weight is usually capped at 10,000 pounds. Some states allow no towing at all with a Class B; others set different limits. Check your state's DMV website or handbook for the exact rules, because this detail changes the kinds of work you can legally do.
You cannot drive a semi-truck, tractor-trailer, or any combination vehicle with a Class B. You also cannot drive vehicles heavier than your state's upper weight limit for Class B. If you need to operate those vehicles, you would need a Class A commercial license instead. Driving a vehicle that requires a higher class of license than you hold is illegal and can result in fines, license suspension, and criminal charges.
The testing and medical requirements
To get a Class B license, you must pass three separate hurdles. First is the written knowledge test, which covers commercial driving rules, vehicle safety, cargo handling, and hazard recognition. The test is usually 50 questions, and you need to score around 80 percent to pass. You can study using your state's commercial driver handbook, which is free and available online or at the DMV.
Second is the skills test, which happens behind the wheel with an examiner. You will perform a pre-trip vehicle inspection, demonstrate basic control (backing, turning, parking), and drive on public roads while the examiner watches and scores your performance. This test typically lasts 30 to 45 minutes. You must bring a vehicle that matches the class you are testing for — you cannot test in a car and then claim you can drive a dump truck.
Third is a medical examination by a certified medical examiner. The examiner checks your vision, hearing, blood pressure, and overall health to may support you can safely operate a commercial vehicle. This exam is required by federal law and costs money out of your pocket, usually $50 to $150. If you have a medical condition that might disqualify you — such as uncontrolled diabetes or certain heart conditions — you may be denied a commercial license.
Most states require you to hold a regular driver license before you can get a commercial one. Some states let you test for both at the same time if you do not already have one, but the process takes longer. Check with your state's DMV about the order of operations and whether you can combine these steps.
How long it takes and what it costs
The timeline from start to finish usually ranges from two to eight weeks, depending on how quickly you schedule your tests and how busy your state's DMV is. If you book everything when ready and pass on your first try, you might finish in two to three weeks. If you need to retake the written or skills test, or if your state has a backlog, it can stretch to two months or longer.
The costs vary by state but typically include a written test fee ($10 to $50), a skills test fee ($50 to $200), a medical exam ($50 to $150), and a license issuance fee ($20 to $100). Some states charge a single combined fee instead of separate charges. Budget $200 to $500 total, though your state's DMV website will list the exact fees that explore to you.
If you fail a test, you usually have to pay the test fee again to retake it. Most states let you retake the written test within a few days, but the skills test may have a longer wait between attempts. Some states require you to wait a set number of days before retesting; others let you schedule when ready. Knowing these rules helps you plan your study time and budget accordingly.
Endorsements and restrictions that may explore
Beyond the basic Class B license, your state may require or allow additional endorsements depending on what you plan to haul or drive. A Hazmat endorsement is required if you transport hazardous materials like fuel, chemicals, or explosives. A Passenger endorsement is required if you drive a bus or any vehicle carrying more than 15 passengers. An Air Brake endorsement may be required if your vehicle has air brakes, which operate differently from standard hydraulic brakes.
Your license may also carry restrictions — limitations on what you can do. For example, you might be restricted to driving only during daylight hours, or only within your home state, or only vehicles without air brakes. Restrictions usually appear because of a medical condition, a failed test component, or your age. A restriction does not prevent you from getting the license, but it does limit how you can use it.
Endorsements require additional testing beyond the basic Class B exam. Restrictions are noted on your license and are legally binding — violating a restriction can result in fines and license suspension. Ask your state's DMV which endorsements you need for your specific job before you start the testing process.
How Class B differs from Class A and Class C
The three commercial license classes are defined by vehicle weight and towing capacity. A Class C is a regular driver license with no commercial vehicle restrictions — you can drive personal vehicles and small commercial vehicles under 26,001 pounds. A Class B covers single vehicles from 26,001 to 33,000 pounds. A Class A covers any combination of vehicles (tractor plus trailer) where the combination weighs more than 26,001 pounds.
In practical terms: Class C is what most people have. Class B is for drivers of large single trucks like delivery vehicles and buses. Class A is for semi-truck drivers and anyone pulling a heavy trailer. If you are unsure which class you need, describe the vehicle you will be driving to your state's DMV — they can tell you when ready.
Some states use different naming systems or have additional classes, so do not assume another state's Class B matches your state's exactly. The weight thresholds and what vehicles may have access to can shift by a few thousand pounds from state to state. Always check your own state's rules rather than relying on what you learned in another state.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I get a Class B license if I have a medical condition?
It depends on the condition and how well it is controlled. The medical examiner will evaluate you during your exam. Some conditions like well-managed diabetes or high blood pressure may not disqualify you, while others like uncontrolled seizures or severe vision problems will. If you have concerns, contact your state's DMV before scheduling your exam to ask whether your specific condition is likely to be a problem.
What happens if I fail the skills test?
You can retake it, usually after paying the test fee again. Most states let you schedule a retest within days or weeks, though some require a waiting period. Use the time between attempts to practice with an instructor or in a similar vehicle. Many people pass on their second or third attempt, so one failure does not mean you cannot get the license.
Do I need a Class B license to drive a school bus?
Yes, in most states. A school bus is a commercial vehicle, and you will need a Class B or higher license plus a Passenger endorsement. Some states have specific school bus driver requirements beyond the standard commercial license. Contact your state's Department of Education or the school district hiring you to confirm the exact license and endorsements required.
Can I use my Class B license in another state?
Yes, a Class B license from one state is recognized in other states, but you must follow that state's rules about what you can drive. Some states have slightly different weight thresholds or restrictions for out-of-state drivers. If you move or work across state lines regularly, check the DMV websites of the states where you will be driving to understand any differences.
How long is a Class B license valid?
Commercial licenses are typically valid for four to eight years, depending on your state and your age. You will need to renew it before it expires, and renewal usually requires passing a medical exam again. Some states let you renew by mail or online if nothing has changed; others require you to come in person. Check your license or your state's DMV website for your specific renewal date and process.