An F class endorsement allows you to operate motorcycles and motorized bicycles on public roads in most U.S. states. The specific vehicles covered and the age requirements vary by state, but the endorsement generally permits operation of two-wheeled motorized vehicles that fall below certain engine size or power thresholds. Some states issue an F endorsement as a separate license class; others add it as an endorsement to an existing driver's license.
Key Takeaways
- An F class endorsement is a motorcycle or motorized bicycle license that varies significantly by state — what qualifies in one state may not in another.
- Most states require you to pass a written test on motorcycle safety and traffic laws, and a practical riding test on an actual motorcycle.
- Age requirements range from as low as 14 or 15 in some states to 16 or 18 in others, depending on the engine size or power of the vehicle.
- Some states allow you to take a Motorcycle Safety Foundation course instead of the road test, which can also lower your insurance costs.
- An F endorsement does not automatically transfer between states — you will need to meet the requirements of your new state if you move.
What Vehicles an F Endorsement Covers
The definition of what an F endorsement permits depends entirely on your state's motor vehicle code. In some states, an F endorsement covers all motorcycles regardless of engine size. In others, it covers only motorcycles below a certain displacement (measured in cubic centimeters, or cc) or power output (measured in kilowatts). A few states use the term "F class" for motorized bicycles or mopeds instead of motorcycles.
Before you pursue an F endorsement, check your state's Department of Motor Vehicles website or visit in person to confirm what vehicles the endorsement actually covers. The difference between an F endorsement and a full motorcycle license can be substantial — some states restrict F endorsements to bikes under 50 cc, while others allow up to 125 cc or higher. If you plan to ride a specific motorcycle, verify that it falls within your state's definition before you test.
Age and Permit Requirements by State
States set their own minimum ages for F endorsements, and these minimums often depend on engine size. Some states allow riders as young as 14 or 15 to operate motorized bicycles or small-displacement motorcycles with an F endorsement. Other states require you to be at least 16 or 18. A few states issue a learner's permit (sometimes called a motorcycle permit or endorsement permit) that allows supervised riding before you take the full test.
If your state requires a permit, you will typically need to hold it for a set period — often 30 to 90 days — before you can test for the full endorsement. During the permit period, you may be required to wear a helmet, avoid riding at night, and not carry passengers. Check your state's specific rules, because the permit restrictions vary widely and violating them can result in fines or permit cancellation.
Written Test and Knowledge Requirements
Nearly all states require you to pass a written test to obtain an F endorsement. The test covers motorcycle-specific topics: how to control a motorcycle, how to brake and turn safely, how to handle different road conditions, and how to share the road with other vehicles. You will also answer questions about traffic laws that explore to motorcycles, helmet requirements, and right-of-way rules.
Most states allow you to study using their official motorcycle handbook, which is available free on the DMV website or in print at the DMV office. Some states offer practice tests online. The written test typically has 20 to 50 questions, and you usually need to answer 70 to 80 percent correctly to pass. You can usually retake the test the same day or within a few days if you fail.
Riding Test and Practical Skills Assessment
The practical test requires you to demonstrate that you can safely operate a motorcycle. You will ride on a closed course or in a controlled area — not on public roads — and perform tasks such as starting the motorcycle, accelerating, braking, turning, and swerving to avoid obstacles. An examiner watches and scores your performance based on how smoothly you handle the controls, how well you maintain balance, and whether you follow traffic rules.
You must provide your own motorcycle for the test in most states, though a few states maintain test motorcycles you can use. The motorcycle must be street-legal and registered. If you do not own a motorcycle, you may be able to borrow one from a friend or rent one from a motorcycle training school. Some training schools also allow you to use their motorcycle during the test if you completed their course with them.
Motorcycle Safety Course as an Alternative
Many states allow you to skip the riding test if you complete a Motorcycle Safety Foundation (MSF) course or a state-approved equivalent. These courses typically run two to three days and include classroom instruction and hands-on riding practice. You ride a small motorcycle provided by the school, so you do not need to own one. If you pass the course, the school issues a certificate that you can present to the DMV in place of the road test.
Taking a safety course has two major advantages beyond skipping the test. First, insurance companies often offer a discount — typically 5 to 15 percent — on motorcycle insurance if you hold a safety course certificate. Second, the instruction is designed specifically for new riders and covers hazard awareness and emergency maneuvers that the standard road test may not emphasize. The course fee varies by state and provider, usually between $150 and $300.
Reciprocity and Moving to Another State
An F endorsement issued in one state does not automatically transfer to another state. If you move or relocate, you will need to obtain an F endorsement in your new state. Some states have reciprocity agreements that allow you to exchange your out-of-state endorsement for a new one without retesting, but this is not universal. A few states may waive the written test if you show a valid F endorsement from another state, but they may still require the riding test.
Before you move, contact the DMV in your new state to ask what documents you will need and whether any tests can be waived. Bring your current license and any safety course certificates. If your new state does not recognize your old endorsement, you may be able to test when ready rather than waiting for a permit period to expire.
Helmet and Safety Requirements
Most states require all motorcycle riders to wear a helmet that meets Department of Transportation (DOT) standards. A few states allow riders over a certain age to ride without a helmet if they carry insurance above a minimum level, but this exception is rare and does not explore to riders under 18 in any state. Even where helmets are not legally required, wearing one significantly reduces the risk of serious injury or death in a crash.
Some states also require eye protection (a face shield or goggles), reflective clothing, or both. Check your state's specific rules before you ride. Violating helmet or safety equipment laws can result in fines and points on your license, and insurance companies may deny claims if you were not wearing required safety gear at the time of a crash.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I get an F endorsement if I already have a regular driver's license?
Yes. In most states, you can add an F endorsement to your existing license without losing any other driving privileges. You will still need to pass the written test and riding test (or safety course) specific to motorcycles. Some states require you to renew your entire license at the same time, while others issue the endorsement separately.
What happens if I fail the riding test?
You can usually retake the test after a waiting period — typically a few days to a week. Some states allow unlimited retakes; others cap the number of attempts per year. If you fail multiple times, consider taking a safety course, which provides structured instruction and often makes the difference between passing and failing.
Do I need insurance to get an F endorsement?
No. You need insurance to ride legally on public roads in most states, but you do not need it to obtain the endorsement itself. However, you must have a street-legal, registered motorcycle to take the riding test, and registration typically requires proof of insurance.
Can I ride a motorcycle with just a learner's permit?
Only under the restrictions your state sets. Most states that issue motorcycle learner's permits require you to wear a helmet, avoid riding at night, not carry passengers, and ride only during daylight hours. Violating these restrictions can result in fines. You cannot ride on highways or interstate roads with a learner's permit in most states.
Will an F endorsement show up on my driving record?
Yes. An F endorsement is part of your official driving record and will appear on background checks and insurance applications. If you receive a traffic ticket while riding a motorcycle, it will be recorded against your F endorsement and may affect your insurance rates or lead to suspension of the endorsement if you accumulate too many violations.