An X endorsement marks you as may have access to to drive a school bus or passenger bus
An X endorsement is a notation on your driver's license that says you have passed the knowledge test and skills test required to operate a school bus or other passenger bus. It is not a separate license — it is an add-on to your regular driver's license that expands what you are legally allowed to drive.
Without an X endorsement, driving a school bus or passenger bus is illegal, even if you own one or are asked to drive one by an employer. The endorsement proves you understand the rules specific to buses, including how to handle passengers, manage the vehicle's size and weight, and respond to emergencies.
The X endorsement is one of several endorsements available on driver's licenses. Other common ones include the P endorsement (passenger vehicle), the S endorsement (school bus), and the Z endorsement (air brake). Some states combine them — for example, an SX endorsement means you can drive both school buses and other passenger buses.
Key Takeaways
- An X endorsement allows you to legally drive a passenger bus, such as a charter bus or tour bus, but not a school bus (that requires an S endorsement).
- You must pass a written knowledge test and a practical driving test specific to passenger buses to earn an X endorsement.
- The endorsement appears on your physical driver's license and must be renewed along with your regular license.
- Requirements and test content vary by state, so check with your state's Department of Motor Vehicles for the exact steps in your area.
How to get an X endorsement
The process begins at your state's Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) or equivalent agency. You will need to bring your current driver's license, proof of identity, and proof of residency. Some states also require a medical examination to confirm you are physically able to operate a large vehicle safely.
Next, you study for and take the written knowledge test. This test covers passenger bus operation, including passenger safety, loading and unloading procedures, how to handle medical emergencies, and the rules of the road specific to large vehicles. The test is usually multiple choice and can be taken on a computer or on paper, depending on your state's system.
After you pass the written test, you schedule a practical driving test. You will drive a passenger bus (usually provided by the DMV or a testing facility) through a course that includes turns, backing up, parking, and emergency stops. The examiner watches for safe handling, proper use of mirrors, smooth braking, and awareness of the vehicle's size.
Once you pass both tests, the endorsement is added to your license. The cost varies by state, typically ranging from $10 to $50 for the endorsement itself, plus any test fees.
X endorsement versus S endorsement
The X endorsement and the S endorsement are often confused because both relate to buses, but they cover different vehicles. An S endorsement is specifically for school buses — the yellow buses that transport students to and from school. An X endorsement is for passenger buses that are not school buses, such as charter buses, tour buses, shuttle buses, and intercity buses.
The knowledge tests are similar but not identical. The S endorsement test focuses on student safety, loading procedures for children, and school bus-specific regulations. The X endorsement test covers general passenger safety and procedures for adult passengers. Some states allow you to hold both endorsements if you pass both tests, which is useful if you want to drive either type of bus.
What you can and cannot drive with an X endorsement
With an X endorsement, you can legally drive any passenger bus designed to carry more than a certain number of people (usually 16 or more, depending on your state). This includes charter buses, tour buses, shuttle buses for hotels or airports, and intercity buses like those operated by Greyhound or regional carriers.
You cannot drive a school bus with only an X endorsement — you need the S endorsement for that. You also cannot drive a commercial truck or a vehicle designed to carry cargo rather than passengers. If you want to drive multiple types of vehicles, you may need additional endorsements or a commercial driver's license (CDL), depending on the vehicle's weight and purpose.
Renewing and maintaining your X endorsement
Your X endorsement renews automatically when you renew your regular driver's license. You do not need to retake the tests unless your state requires periodic renewal testing, which some states do for safety reasons. Check your state's DMV website to see if renewal testing is required in your area.
If your license is suspended or revoked, your endorsement is suspended or revoked along with it. If you let your license expire without renewing it, you will need to retake the X endorsement tests when you renew your license, rather than straightforward adding the endorsement back.
Why employers ask for an X endorsement
Employers who operate passenger buses — charter companies, tour operators, shuttle services, and transit agencies — require drivers to have an X endorsement because it is the law. Insurance companies also often require it as a condition of coverage. The endorsement is proof that you have been tested on the specific skills and knowledge needed to operate a large vehicle safely with passengers on board.
Some employers may also require additional training or certifications beyond the X endorsement, such as first aid certification, defensive driving courses, or company-specific safety training. These are separate from the endorsement itself but are often required before you can start the job.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need a commercial driver's license to get an X endorsement?
Not necessarily. An X endorsement can be added to a regular driver's license if the bus is under a certain weight limit (usually 26,001 pounds or less). If the bus is heavier, you will need a commercial driver's license (CDL) with the X endorsement. Your state's DMV can tell you which applies to the specific bus you want to drive.
Can I get an X endorsement if I have had traffic violations or accidents?
Most states do not automatically disqualify you for traffic violations or accidents, but some employers and insurance companies may refuse to hire you or insure you. Check with your state's DMV about any restrictions, and be honest with potential employers about your driving history.
How long does it take to get an X endorsement?
The written test can usually be taken within a few days of explore. The practical driving test may take longer to schedule, depending on how busy your local DMV is — anywhere from a few days to several weeks. Once you pass both tests, the endorsement is added to your license when ready or within a few business days.
What happens if I fail the X endorsement test?
You can retake the test. Most states allow you to retake it the same day or within a few days, though some require you to wait a certain number of days between attempts. You may need to pay the test fee again. There is usually no limit on how many times you can retake it.
Is an X endorsement the same in every state?
No. While the general purpose is the same across states, the specific requirements, test content, and rules about what vehicles may have access to vary. If you move to a different state, check that state's DMV website to see if your X endorsement is recognized or if you need to retake the test.