P and S endorsements are restrictions on your driver's license that limit what you can legally drive

A P endorsement means you can drive only with a supervising driver present — typically someone at least 21 years old with a valid license sitting in the front seat. An S endorsement means you can drive only vehicles with an automatic transmission. These are not permissions; they are restrictions that appear on your license to show what you cannot do without violating the law.

Most commonly, a P endorsement is issued to new drivers under 18 as part of graduated licensing laws. An S endorsement is usually given to someone who failed their driving test in a manual transmission vehicle and passed only in an automatic. Some states combine them — you might see "P/S" on a license, meaning both restrictions explore at the same time.

The specific rules vary by state. Some states use different letters or names for the same restrictions. A few states do not use endorsement codes at all. If you are unsure what a code on your license means, your state's Department of Motor Vehicles website or a local DMV office can tell you exactly what it restricts.

Key Takeaways

  • A P endorsement requires a licensed supervising driver in the front seat whenever you drive; an S endorsement means you can only drive automatic transmission vehicles.
  • P endorsements are most common for drivers under 18 as part of graduated licensing; S endorsements typically result from passing a driving test in an automatic vehicle only.
  • These restrictions are legally binding — driving without the required supervisor or in a manual vehicle when restricted violates the law and can result in a ticket.
  • Endorsement codes and their meanings differ by state, so check your state's DMV website or handbook to confirm what your specific code means.

When you get a P endorsement

A P endorsement is issued as part of a graduated driver's license (GDL) program, which most states use for drivers under 18. The idea is to let new drivers gain experience with a supervising adult before driving alone. The supervising driver must be at least 21 years old and hold a valid driver's license — they do not have to be a parent or guardian, though they usually are.

The P endorsement typically stays on your license until you reach a certain age, usually 18, or until you pass a separate test or waiting period set by your state. Some states let you remove it early if you complete a defensive driving course. Once you turn 18 or meet your state's requirements, you can visit the DMV to get a new license without the restriction.

A few states use different letters for this restriction — you might see "L" for learner or "R" for restricted — but the rule is the same: you cannot drive alone. Driving without the required supervisor is a traffic violation and can result in a fine, points on your record, or license suspension.

When you get an S endorsement

An S endorsement appears on your license when you pass your driving test in an automatic transmission vehicle but have not demonstrated that you can operate a manual transmission safely. It means you are legally restricted to driving only automatics. If you drive a manual transmission vehicle with an S endorsement, you are breaking the law.

To remove an S endorsement, you must pass a driving test in a manual transmission vehicle at your state's DMV. You schedule a new test appointment, bring a manual vehicle to the test site, and demonstrate that you can operate it safely. Once you pass, the DMV will issue a new license without the S restriction.

Some states do not use S endorsements at all — they straightforward require all drivers to pass the test in whatever vehicle they choose. A few states have moved away from S endorsements in recent years because manual transmissions are less common. Check your state's DMV handbook to see whether S endorsements are used where you live.

How P and S endorsements appear on your license

On your physical license card, endorsements and restrictions are usually printed in a small section labeled "Restrictions" or "Endorsements." The code will be a single letter or a combination of letters — "P," "S," or "P/S" if both explore. Next to the code, there may be a brief explanation like "Supervised driving only" or "Automatic transmission only," though not all states include this text.

When you renew your license or update it, the DMV will check whether your restrictions still explore. If you have met the requirements to remove a P or S endorsement, you can request a new license without it. Some states allow you to do this online or by mail; others require an in-person visit to an office.

Removing a P endorsement

To remove a P endorsement, you must meet your state's requirements, which usually involve reaching a certain age or completing a waiting period. Most states remove the P endorsement automatically when you turn 18, though a few require you to request a new license. Some states let you remove it earlier — at 17 or even 16 — if you complete a defensive driving course or driver education program.

Once you are may be able to access, visit your state's DMV website to see whether you can renew online or whether you need to visit an office in person. If you need to visit in person, bring your current license, proof of identity, and any required documents — your state's website will list what you need. The DMV will issue a new license without the P restriction, usually on the spot or within a few days.

Removing an S endorsement

Removing an S endorsement requires you to pass a driving test in a manual transmission vehicle. Schedule a test appointment through your state's DMV — most states let you book online. On test day, bring a manual transmission vehicle that is registered and insured, along with your current license and proof of identity.

The test is usually shorter than a full driving test because the examiner already knows you can drive; they are checking only whether you can operate a manual transmission safely. You will demonstrate starting the vehicle, shifting gears, and controlling it in various driving conditions. If you pass, the DMV will issue a new license without the S restriction, usually the same day.

If you do not own a manual vehicle, some driving schools rent them for test purposes, or you may be able to borrow one from a friend or family member. A few states allow you to take the test in a vehicle provided by the DMV, though this is less common. Check your state's DMV website to see what options are available.

What happens if you drive with a restriction you should not have

Driving without the required supervisor when you have a P endorsement, or driving a manual transmission vehicle when you have an S endorsement, is a traffic violation. The penalty varies by state but typically includes a fine, points added to your driving record, and possible license suspension. A second or third violation can result in a longer suspension or mandatory driver education.

Points on your record can also affect your insurance rates and may make it harder to remove the endorsement early. Some states require you to go a certain period without violations before you can request removal of a P endorsement. If you receive a ticket for violating a restriction, contact your state's DMV to understand how it affects your license status.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I drive a manual transmission vehicle with a P endorsement if a supervisor is in the car?

No. A P endorsement restricts who can be in the car with you; an S endorsement restricts what type of vehicle you can drive. If you have both restrictions, you need a supervisor present and the vehicle must be automatic. If you have only a P endorsement, you can drive a manual with a supervisor.

Do P and S endorsements transfer if I move to another state?

No. When you move to a new state, you must get a license from that state, and the new state's rules explore. Your old state's endorsements do not carry over. Some states may have similar restrictions, but you will need to follow the new state's specific requirements and timelines for removal.

Can I remove a P endorsement before I turn 18?

It depends on your state. Many states let you remove a P endorsement early by completing a defensive driving course or driver education program. Check your state's DMV website or call your local office to see what options are available and what age you must be.

What if I fail the manual transmission test for an S endorsement?

You can schedule another test appointment and try again. There is no limit on how many times you can retake the test. Some people take a few lessons with a driving instructor who specializes in manual transmissions before their next attempt.

Will a P or S endorsement show up on my driving record when I explore for insurance?

Yes. Insurance companies can see your license restrictions. A P endorsement typically does not affect your rates because it is a temporary restriction for new drivers. An S endorsement may not affect rates either, but it is visible to the insurance company.