An F endorsement is a notation on your driver's license that allows you to operate a motorized bicycle or moped — a vehicle with an engine of 50 cubic centimeters or smaller and a top speed below 30 miles per hour. The specific rules vary by state, but most states require this endorsement before you legally ride these vehicles on public roads. Without it, you can face fines, license suspension, or both, even though the vehicle itself may not require registration.
Key Takeaways
- An F endorsement permits you to ride motorized bicycles and mopeds with engines 50cc or smaller on public roads in most states.
- Requirements to obtain an F endorsement typically include passing a written test about moped safety and traffic laws, and sometimes a riding skills test.
- The cost and processing time for an F endorsement vary by state, ranging from a straightforward notation added at your next license renewal to a separate process with its own fee.
- Some states allow you to ride a moped with only a regular driver's license, while others require the F endorsement regardless of your age or driving history.
- If you ride without the required endorsement, you risk fines, points on your driving record, and potential license suspension.
How States Define Motorized Bicycles and Mopeds
The definition of a vehicle that requires an F endorsement depends on engine size and top speed. Most states set the threshold at 50 cubic centimeters (cc) or smaller, with a maximum speed of 30 miles per hour. Some states use slightly different cutoffs — for example, a few allow up to 49cc or require a maximum speed of 25 miles per hour instead. The reason for these limits is that vehicles below this threshold are considered low-powered and lower-risk than motorcycles.
If your moped or motorized bicycle exceeds these limits, you will need a motorcycle endorsement (usually called an M endorsement) instead of an F endorsement. The distinction matters because motorcycle endorsements require more rigorous testing and often a separate riding course. Before you purchase a moped, check your state's motor vehicle department website to confirm the exact engine size and speed limits that trigger the F endorsement requirement in your state.
Testing and Knowledge Requirements
Most states require you to pass a written test to obtain an F endorsement. The test covers moped-specific safety rules, traffic laws, and how to operate the vehicle safely. Questions typically address topics like proper helmet use, right-of-way rules, braking distance, and what to do in emergency situations. The test is usually shorter and less detailed than a motorcycle endorsement test, but you still need to study the material beforehand.
Some states also require a practical riding test, where an examiner watches you operate the moped in a controlled environment or on a closed course. Other states waive the riding test if you complete an approved moped safety course. A few states allow you to take the written test at the motor vehicle office, while others require you to schedule a separate appointment. Check your state's motor vehicle department to learn whether a riding test is required and whether a safety course can substitute for it.
How to Add an F Endorsement to Your License
The process for obtaining an F endorsement varies by state. In some states, you can add it during a regular license renewal by passing the written test at the motor vehicle office. In others, you must explore separately, pay a fee, and wait for processing. A few states allow you to add the endorsement by mail if you submit the required documents and test results.
To start, visit your state's motor vehicle department website and look for information about moped or motorized bicycle endorsements. You will typically need to bring your current driver's license, proof of identity, and proof of residency. Some states require a vision test as well. After you pass the written test (and riding test, if required), the endorsement is usually added to your license when ready or within a few business days. If you are renewing your license anyway, the endorsement may be added at no extra cost; if you are adding it between renewals, most states charge a small fee.
Age Restrictions and Special Rules
Some states impose age limits on who can obtain an F endorsement. A few require you to be at least 16 years old, while others allow younger riders with parental consent or a learner's permit. A handful of states do not require an F endorsement at all for riders under a certain age, though this is becoming less common. A few states allow anyone with a valid driver's license to ride a moped without an additional endorsement, treating it as a privilege that comes with a regular license.
Helmet laws also vary. Most states require anyone riding a moped to wear a helmet, regardless of age or endorsement status. Some states require helmets only for riders under 18 or 21. A few states have no helmet requirement for moped riders, though wearing one is always safer. Check your state's specific rules before you ride, because helmet violations can result in fines even if you have the correct endorsement.
What Happens If You Ride Without an F Endorsement
Riding a moped without the required F endorsement is a traffic violation in most states. The penalty typically includes a fine ranging from $50 to $500, depending on the state and whether it is your first offense. You may also receive points on your driving record, which can increase your insurance rates and count toward license suspension. Some states treat it as a misdemeanor if you have multiple violations.
If you are stopped by law enforcement, the officer will check whether your license has the F endorsement. If it does not, you can be cited even if the moped itself is legal and properly registered. The violation stays on your record and may affect your ability to renew your license or obtain other endorsements. If you are unsure whether you need an F endorsement for your specific vehicle, contact your state's motor vehicle department before you ride.
F Endorsement vs. Motorcycle Endorsement
An F endorsement is not the same as a motorcycle endorsement, and the two are not interchangeable. A motorcycle endorsement (usually an M endorsement) allows you to ride any motorcycle, regardless of engine size. It requires more extensive testing, often including a longer written test and a mandatory riding skills test. Some states require you to complete a motorcycle safety course before you can take the riding test.
If your moped exceeds the engine size or speed limits for an F endorsement, you must obtain an M endorsement instead. Conversely, if you have an M endorsement, you can legally ride a moped without needing an F endorsement — the motorcycle endorsement covers all two-wheeled motorized vehicles. However, if you only have an F endorsement, you cannot legally ride a motorcycle. Understanding which endorsement you need depends on your vehicle's specifications and your state's definitions.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need an F endorsement if I already have a motorcycle license?
No. A motorcycle endorsement (M endorsement) covers all motorized two-wheeled vehicles, including mopeds and motorized bicycles. If you have an M endorsement, you can ride a moped without an F endorsement. However, an F endorsement does not allow you to ride a motorcycle.
Can I get an F endorsement online or by mail?
Most states require you to visit a motor vehicle office to take the written test in person. A few states allow you to take the test online if you have already scheduled an appointment or meet certain conditions. Some states may allow you to submit paperwork by mail after passing the test at an office. Check your state's motor vehicle department website for the specific process in your area.
How long does it take to get an F endorsement?
If you pass the written test at a motor vehicle office, the endorsement is usually added to your license when ready or within a few business days. If you are adding it between license renewals, processing may take one to two weeks. If you are adding it during a renewal, it may be processed as part of your renewal timeline, which varies by state.
What if my moped is 51cc — do I need a motorcycle endorsement?
Yes. Most states define the F endorsement threshold at 50cc or smaller. If your moped is 51cc or larger, you need a motorcycle endorsement (M endorsement) to ride it legally. Before you purchase a moped, confirm the engine size and check your state's specific rules to may support you understand which endorsement you will need.
Can I ride a moped with just a learner's permit?
Rules vary by state. Some states allow learner's permit holders to ride a moped with restrictions, such as no night riding or no passengers. Others require a full F endorsement regardless of permit status. A few states have separate learner's endorsements for mopeds. Contact your state's motor vehicle department to learn the rules for learner's permit holders in your area.