Key Takeaways
- A Commercial Driver's License (CDL) is required to drive any bus that carries more than 15 passengers, including the driver.
- You must pass a written knowledge test, a skills test, and a medical examination before you can receive a CDL.
- CDL requirements are set by federal law but administered by your state's Department of Motor Vehicles or equivalent agency.
- Some buses used for specific purposes, like church shuttles or employee transport, may have different rules depending on your state and how many passengers they carry.
The Three Classes of CDL and Which One Bus Drivers Need
The CDL comes in three classes: Class A, Class B, and Class C. The class you need depends on the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) — the maximum weight the vehicle is designed to carry — and the type of vehicle.
Most bus drivers need a Class B CDL. This covers buses with a GVWR of 26,001 pounds or more, or any bus designed to carry 16 or more passengers (including the driver). A Class B CDL allows you to drive a school bus, city transit bus, or charter bus. If you drive a smaller bus that weighs less and carries fewer passengers, you may need a Class C CDL instead, though the rules vary by state.
A Class A CDL is for the largest vehicles and is not typically needed for bus driving alone, though some specialized roles might require it.
The Written Knowledge Test
Before you can take the skills test, you must pass a written knowledge test at your state's DMV. The test covers federal motor carrier safety regulations, vehicle inspection, safe driving practices, and how to handle emergencies. You study from your state's CDL manual, which is free and available online or at the DMV office.
The test is usually 50 questions, and you must answer at least 80 percent correctly to pass. You can take it as many times as you need, though some states charge a fee each time. Once you pass, you receive a Commercial Learner's Permit (CLP), which allows you to practice driving under supervision before taking the skills test.
The Skills Test and Medical Examination
The skills test has three parts: a pre-trip vehicle inspection, a basic control skills test, and a road test. During the pre-trip inspection, you walk around the bus and point out safety features and potential problems. The basic control skills test happens in a closed course where you demonstrate backing up, turning, and parking. The road test is a 20- to 30-minute drive on public roads with an examiner in the vehicle.
You also need to pass a medical examination performed by a certified medical examiner approved by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). The examiner checks your vision, hearing, blood pressure, and overall health. You must meet federal medical standards to hold a CDL. The medical certificate is valid for up to two years, and you will need to renew it periodically.
Endorsements for Specific Types of Bus Driving
Depending on what kind of bus you drive, you may need additional endorsements added to your CDL. An endorsement is a special notation that shows you have training in a particular area.
The Passenger (P) endorsement is required if you drive any bus carrying passengers for compensation — that includes school buses, transit buses, and charter buses. The School Bus (S) endorsement is required specifically for school bus drivers and involves additional training on student safety and emergency procedures. Some states require both the P and S endorsements for school bus drivers. If your bus carries hazardous materials, you need a Hazmat endorsement, which requires a background check and additional testing.
How Long It Takes and What It Costs
The timeline depends on how quickly you can schedule tests and whether you pass on your first attempt. Many people spend two to four weeks studying for the written test, then another two to four weeks practicing with their CLP before taking the skills test. The entire process from start to finish typically takes one to three months, though it can be faster or slower depending on your state's testing availability.
Costs vary by state. The written test usually costs between $10 and $50. The skills test typically costs $100 to $300. The medical examination costs $50 to $150. Some states charge additional fees for the CLP or for renewing your CDL. Many people also pay for a CDL training school, which ranges from $1,000 to $5,000 depending on the program length and location.
Small Buses and Special Cases
Some vehicles that look like buses may not require a CDL. A bus that carries 15 or fewer passengers (not counting the driver) and is not used for commercial purposes may only need a regular driver's license. This applies to some church shuttles, employee transport vans, and private transportation services. However, the rules are specific and depend on your state and the exact use of the vehicle, so you should check with your state's DMV before assuming you do not need a CDL.
If you drive a bus for a for-profit company or carry passengers for money, you almost certainly need a CDL, even if the bus is small. The key distinction is whether you are carrying passengers for compensation and how many passengers the vehicle is designed to hold.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I get a CDL with a regular driver's license suspension or revocation?
No. If your regular driver's license is suspended or revoked, you cannot obtain a CDL. You must have a valid regular driver's license before you can explore for a CDL. If your license is suspended, you must wait until the suspension is lifted and then explore.
Do I need a CDL to drive a tour bus or charter bus?
Yes. Any bus that carries passengers for compensation — including tour buses and charter buses — requires a CDL with a Passenger endorsement. The size of the bus does not matter if you are carrying passengers for money.
What happens if I drive a bus without a CDL?
Driving a bus without the required CDL is illegal and can result in fines, criminal charges, and jail time depending on your state. You may also be liable if an accident occurs. Employers are also subject to penalties for allowing unlicensed drivers to operate buses.
How often do I need to renew my CDL?
CDLs are typically valid for four to eight years depending on your state. You must renew before it expires. Your medical certificate, which is part of your CDL, must be renewed every one to two years. Some states require you to renew your medical certificate more frequently if you have certain health conditions.
Can I get a CDL if I have a criminal record?
It depends on the offense and your state's rules. Some crimes, particularly those involving drugs or violence, may disqualify you from obtaining a CDL or from working as a bus driver. You should contact your state's DMV or a CDL training program to find out whether your specific situation allows you to proceed.