A B endorsement lets you drive certain medium-weight trucks without a commercial driver's license

A B endorsement is an add-on to your regular driver's license that permits you to operate vehicles weighing between 10,001 and 26,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR). Without it, you cannot legally drive these trucks even if you own one or need one for work. The endorsement exists because these vehicles are heavier than a standard car but lighter than the rigs that require a full commercial driver's license (CDL).

The B endorsement is available in most states, though the exact weight thresholds and testing requirements vary. Some states call it different names — a few use "Class B" or similar terminology — but the function is the same: it authorizes you to drive medium-duty trucks. You obtain it by passing a written test and, in many states, a skills test specific to that vehicle class.

This endorsement is common for people who drive box trucks, dump trucks, or other commercial vehicles that fall in the middle weight range. It is not the same as a CDL, which requires more extensive training and medical certification, and it does not allow you to haul certain cargo like hazardous materials.

Key Takeaways

  • A B endorsement authorizes you to drive trucks in the 10,001 to 26,000-pound range without obtaining a full commercial driver's license.
  • You must pass a written knowledge test and usually a behind-the-wheel skills test administered by your state's Department of Motor Vehicles.
  • Requirements differ by state — some require medical certification or specific training hours, while others do not.
  • The endorsement costs less and takes less time than a CDL but restricts what cargo you can carry and how many passengers you can transport.

Who needs a B endorsement

You need a B endorsement if you operate a truck that weighs more than 10,001 pounds but does not meet the definition of a commercial vehicle in your state. Common examples include owner-operators of box trucks, small dump trucks, tow trucks under the weight limit, and delivery vehicles. If you drive one of these for work or personal use on public roads, you must have the endorsement on your license.

Some people obtain a B endorsement because they want to drive a medium-duty truck but do not want to pursue a full CDL. The CDL requires more training, a medical examination, and ongoing compliance with federal regulations. A B endorsement is simpler and faster, though it comes with restrictions — for instance, you typically cannot transport hazardous materials or carry more than a certain number of passengers.

If you are unsure whether your vehicle requires a B endorsement, check your truck's registration or owner's manual for the GVWR. If it falls between 10,001 and 26,000 pounds, you will need the endorsement to drive it legally.

How to prepare for the B endorsement test

Most states require you to pass a written test covering vehicle operation, safety, and road rules specific to medium-duty trucks. The test typically covers topics like proper braking technique, load distribution, mirror checks, and how to handle a heavier vehicle in emergency situations. You can prepare by studying your state's commercial driver's manual, which is usually free and available online through your Department of Motor Vehicles website.

Many states also require a behind-the-wheel skills test, sometimes called a road test or driving exam. During this test, an examiner watches you perform specific maneuvers — backing up, turning, parking — and evaluates your control of the vehicle. Some states waive the skills test if you already hold a CDL or have recent commercial driving experience, so check your state's rules before scheduling.

A few states require you to complete a training course before you can take the test, while others do not. Some insurance companies offer discounts if you complete a defensive driving course for medium-duty vehicles. Contact your state's DMV to confirm what preparation is required in your location.

The written test and what it covers

The B endorsement written test is usually shorter than a CDL test and focuses on the specific challenges of driving medium-duty trucks. You will answer questions about vehicle dimensions, weight distribution, stopping distance, proper tire pressure, and how to inspect a truck before driving. The test also covers road signs, right-of-way rules, and how to respond to brake failure or tire blowouts in a heavier vehicle.

Most states allow you to take the test at a DMV office or an authorized testing center. You typically need to bring your current driver's license and proof of residency. Some states require you to pass a vision and hearing screening before the test. The passing score is usually 80 percent, though this varies by state.

If you fail the test, you can retake it after a waiting period — usually a few days to a week. There is no limit to how many times you can retake it, though each attempt may have a fee.

The skills test and behind-the-wheel evaluation

If your state requires a skills test, you will drive a medium-duty truck while an examiner observes and scores your performance. The test typically lasts 30 to 45 minutes and includes a pre-trip inspection, basic vehicle control exercises, and on-road driving. During the pre-trip inspection, you will walk around the truck and point out safety features — lights, mirrors, tires, brakes — to show you know how to check the vehicle before operating it.

The vehicle control portion usually takes place in a closed course or parking lot. You will be asked to back up in a straight line, make a 90-degree turn in a confined space, and perform other maneuvers that demonstrate you can handle the truck's size and weight. The on-road portion tests your ability to merge, navigate intersections, and respond to traffic safely.

You must bring your own truck or arrange to use one provided by a testing center. Some states allow you to use a rental truck or borrow one from an employer. The vehicle must be in safe working condition and properly registered. If the truck fails inspection before the test begins, you will not be able to take the test that day.

Fees and timeline for getting a B endorsement

The cost of a B endorsement varies by state. Written test fees typically range from $10 to $50, and skills test fees (where required) range from $50 to $200. The endorsement itself, once you pass, usually costs $10 to $30 to add to your license. Some states bundle these costs into a single fee, while others charge separately for each component.

The timeline depends on how quickly you can schedule your tests and how many attempts you need. If you pass both the written and skills tests on your first try, you can have the endorsement added to your license within a few days to a week. If you need to retake a test, add another week or two. Some states mail your new license with the endorsement, which can take an additional 1 to 2 weeks.

Check your state's DMV website for current fees and typical wait times for test scheduling. During busy seasons, testing appointments may be booked weeks in advance.

B endorsement restrictions and what you cannot do

A B endorsement does not permit you to haul certain types of cargo or carry certain numbers of passengers. You cannot transport hazardous materials — gasoline, chemicals, explosives — even if the truck is rated to carry them. If your work requires hauling hazardous materials, you will need a full CDL with a hazmat endorsement instead.

Most states also limit the number of passengers you can carry in a truck with only a B endorsement. The limit is usually 3 to 5 people, depending on the state. If you need to transport more passengers, you may need a different license class.

A B endorsement is also not valid for operating a truck as a for-hire commercial carrier in some states — meaning you cannot legally charge customers to haul their goods unless you meet additional requirements. Check your state's regulations if your work involves transporting cargo for payment.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I get a B endorsement if I have a suspended or revoked license?

No. You must have a valid, unrestricted driver's license before you can add a B endorsement. If your license is suspended or revoked, you will need to resolve that issue first. Once your license is reinstated, you can then pursue the endorsement.

Do I need a medical certificate for a B endorsement?

Most states do not require a medical certificate for a B endorsement, unlike a CDL which does. However, some states may require a vision or hearing test at the DMV. Check your state's specific requirements before you schedule your test.

What is the difference between a B endorsement and a CDL?

A B endorsement allows you to drive trucks up to 26,000 pounds without a CDL. A CDL is required for heavier trucks and allows you to haul hazardous materials and carry more passengers. A CDL requires medical certification, more extensive training, and federal compliance. A B endorsement is simpler but more limited in scope.

Can I use a B endorsement to drive a truck for rideshare or delivery services?

It depends on your state and the specific service. Some delivery companies accept drivers with a B endorsement for light-duty trucks, while others require a CDL. Contact the company directly to confirm their license requirements before you pursue the endorsement.

How long is a B endorsement valid?

A B endorsement is valid for as long as your driver's license is valid — typically 4 to 8 years depending on your state. When you renew your license, the endorsement renews with it. You do not need to retake the test unless your state requires periodic recertification.