An A1 license lets you ride motorcycles up to 125cc with a maximum power output of 11 kilowatts, and you must be at least 16 years old to hold one

The A1 category is a restricted motorcycle license designed for younger or newer riders. It is not a full unrestricted motorcycle license — it sits between moped licenses and the full A (unrestricted) motorcycle license. The 125cc engine size limit and 11 kilowatt power ceiling are fixed by law in most countries that use the European classification system, which the United States does not.

If you live in the United States, your state's Department of Motor Vehicles does not issue an "A1" license. U.S. states use their own motorcycle endorsement system, typically labeled as an "M" or "Motorcycle" endorsement added to a regular driver's license. If you have encountered the term A1 in a U.S. context, it may refer to a learner's permit stage, a specific insurance classification, or a license you hold from another country.

If you are reading about A1 because you hold a license from Europe, Canada, or another country using the A1/A2/A system, the information below explains what that license permits and how it compares to other categories.

Key Takeaways

  • An A1 license permits you to ride motorcycles with engines no larger than 125cc and power no greater than 11 kilowatts (about 15 horsepower).
  • You must be at least 16 years old to obtain an A1 license in countries that issue them.
  • An A1 license does not permit you to ride larger motorcycles or unrestricted bikes, even if you hold a full car license.
  • The United States does not use the A1 category; U.S. states issue motorcycle endorsements instead, which typically have no engine size restriction.
  • If you hold an A1 license from another country and move to the United States, you will need to pass your state's motorcycle test to ride legally.

How A1 compares to A2 and full A motorcycle licenses

The A1, A2, and A categories form a three-tier system used in Europe and other countries following European Union regulations. Each tier permits progressively larger and more powerful motorcycles.

An A1 license is the entry level: 125cc maximum, 11 kilowatts maximum. An A2 license, available to riders 18 and older, permits motorcycles up to 35 kilowatts (about 47 horsepower) with no engine size limit, though bikes must not exceed a power-to-weight ratio. A full A license, available at age 24 (or 20 if you have held A2 for two years), has no restrictions on engine size or power — you can ride any motorcycle.

Many riders start with A1 at 16, progress to A2 at 18, and eventually move to full A. Some countries allow A1 holders to upgrade directly to A2 after two years without retesting, though the rules vary by jurisdiction.

What you can and cannot ride with an A1 license

With an A1 license you can ride any motorcycle, scooter, or motorized two-wheeler that meets the 125cc and 11 kilowatt limits. This includes most entry-level street bikes, small-displacement sport bikes, and standard scooters. You cannot ride anything larger or more powerful, even if you own it or someone else permits you to use it.

You also cannot carry a passenger on an A1 license in most jurisdictions — the rules depend on your country or region. Some places allow passengers only after you reach 18, others only after you upgrade to A2 or full A. Check your local regulations before carrying anyone.

Motorized bicycles, mopeds, and scooters under 50cc typically fall under a separate, lower-tier license (often called AM in Europe) and do not require an A1. If you already hold A1, you can ride those vehicles as well.

Age requirements and how to obtain an A1 license

You must be at least 16 years old to hold an A1 license. The process to obtain one varies by country and region, but generally involves passing a theory test (written exam on road rules and motorcycle safety), a practical riding test, and a medical examination. Some jurisdictions require you to complete a training course before testing.

In the European Union, you must also hold a valid identity document and proof of residence. Your national driving authority issues the license after you pass all requirements. The license is valid for a set period (often 10 years) and must be renewed before expiration.

If you already hold a full car license (category B), you do not automatically gain the right to ride A1 motorcycles — you must still pass the A1 tests. However, some countries waive the theory test if you already hold a car license, since the road rules portion overlaps.

A1 license rules for passengers and highway riding

Passenger rules for A1 riders depend on your age and your country's regulations. In many European countries, A1 riders under 18 cannot carry passengers at all. Those 18 and older may carry a passenger, but the motorcycle must be equipped with a passenger seat and footrests, and the passenger must wear a helmet.

Highway or motorway access also varies. Some countries restrict A1 riders from certain high-speed roads, while others permit them with no restrictions. Check your local traffic authority's rules before planning a long trip.

All A1 riders must wear a helmet, eye protection, and appropriate protective clothing in most jurisdictions. These are legal requirements, not recommendations, and violations can result in fines.

Converting an A1 license to A2 or full A

If you hold an A1 license and want to ride larger motorcycles, you can upgrade to A2 or full A. The process depends on your age and how long you have held A1.

At age 18, you can take the A2 test without waiting. If you have held A1 for at least two years, you may be able to upgrade to A2 without retesting in some countries — check with your national driving authority. To upgrade to full A, you must be at least 24, or 20 if you have held A2 for two years.

Upgrading typically requires passing a new practical test on a larger motorcycle. The theory test may be waived if you already hold a valid A1 or A2 license. Processing time and fees vary by jurisdiction.

A1 licenses issued outside the United States

If you hold an A1 license from Europe, Canada, or another country and move to or visit the United States, your license is not valid for riding in the U.S. Each state sets its own motorcycle licensing rules and does not recognize foreign motorcycle categories.

To ride legally in the United States, you must obtain a motorcycle endorsement from your state's Department of Motor Vehicles. This typically requires passing a written test on U.S. traffic laws and a practical riding test. Some states offer a waiver of the practical test if you complete an approved motorcycle safety course.

Your foreign A1 license may help you demonstrate prior riding experience, which some states consider when issuing endorsements, but it does not replace the U.S. testing requirement. Contact your state DMV for specific rules and the testing process.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I ride an A1 motorcycle in the United States with my European A1 license?

No. The United States does not recognize foreign motorcycle licenses. You must obtain a motorcycle endorsement from your state's Department of Motor Vehicles. Your foreign license may help demonstrate riding experience, but you will still need to pass your state's written and practical tests or complete an approved safety course.

What is the difference between A1 and AM licenses?

AM is a lower-tier license for motorized bicycles and mopeds up to 50cc and 4 kilowatts. A1 permits motorcycles and scooters up to 125cc and 11 kilowatts. If you hold A1, you can also ride AM vehicles. AM is typically available at age 16, the same as A1.

Can I carry a passenger on an A1 motorcycle?

Passenger rules vary by country and your age. In many places, A1 riders under 18 cannot carry passengers. Those 18 and older may carry a passenger if the motorcycle has a passenger seat and footrests, and the passenger wears a helmet. Check your local traffic authority's rules.

How long does it take to upgrade from A1 to A2?

You can upgrade to A2 at age 18. If you have held A1 for two years, some countries allow you to upgrade without retesting. Otherwise, you must pass a practical test on a larger motorcycle. Processing time varies by jurisdiction, typically one to four weeks after passing the test.

Do I need to renew my A1 license?

Yes. A1 licenses expire after a set period, usually 10 years. You must renew before expiration by submitting your license to your national driving authority, often along with a medical examination and updated identification. Renewal requirements vary by country.