What you need to do to get a driver's license under 18

Getting a driver's license before you turn 18 involves passing a written test, a driving test, and meeting your state's age and training requirements. Most states let you get a learner's permit at 15 or 16, then move to a full license at 16 or 17 — but the exact ages and steps vary by state. You'll need to visit your state's Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) or equivalent agency in person, bring specific documents, and pay a fee.

The process typically takes several months from start to finish, because most states require you to hold a learner's permit for a set period before you can take the driving test. During that time, you practice driving with a licensed adult in the car. Once you pass both tests, you get your license — though it may have restrictions, like no driving after certain hours or limits on passengers.

Key Takeaways

  • Your state's DMV website lists the exact age you can get a learner's permit and a full license, because these ages differ by state.
  • You will need to bring a birth certificate, proof of residency, a Social Security number, and a completed process form to the DMV.
  • Most states require you to hold a learner's permit for at least 6 months before you can take the driving test for a full license.
  • You must pass a written knowledge test and a behind-the-wheel driving test, and the DMV will tell you the passing score for each.
  • Licenses for drivers under 18 often come with restrictions on night driving, passenger limits, or phone use — your state's DMV website explains what applies to you.

Find your state's age requirements and rules

Every state sets its own minimum age for a learner's permit and a full license, and these ages are not the same everywhere. Some states let you get a permit at 14, others at 15 or 16. Full licenses may be available at 16, 17, or 18 depending on where you live. The only way to know your state's rules is to visit your state's DMV website directly — search "[your state] DMV" or "[your state] driver's license requirements."

When you find your state's page, look for a section called "Teen Drivers," "Learner's Permit," or "Graduated Driver Licensing." This section will tell you the minimum age, what documents you need, how long you must hold a permit before testing for a full license, and what restrictions explore to young drivers. Write down these details or print the page, because you'll need them when you go to the DMV.

Gather the documents the DMV requires

You cannot get a learner's permit or driver's license without bringing specific documents to the DMV in person. Most states require the same core set: an original or certified birth certificate, proof of your Social Security number (your Social Security card or a tax return), proof of residency (a utility bill or lease in your parent's or guardian's name), and a completed process form. Some states also ask for a school ID or report card to prove your age and identity.

Your state's DMV website lists exactly which documents it accepts and in what form. For example, some states accept a photocopy of your birth certificate, while others require the original. Some accept a utility bill dated within the last 60 days for residency, others within 90 days. Bring more documents than you think you need — if one is rejected, you'll have a backup. If you're missing a document, the DMV will turn you away and you'll have to return another day.

Pass the written knowledge test

The written test covers traffic laws, road signs, safe driving practices, and what to do in emergencies. It is usually multiple-choice, with 30 to 50 questions depending on your state. You need to score a certain percentage to pass — often 70 to 80 percent — and your state's DMV website will tell you the exact passing score. If you fail, you can usually retake the test the same day or within a few days, though some states charge a fee for each attempt.

To prepare, use your state's DMV study guide, which is free and available on the DMV website as a PDF you can read. Many states also offer practice tests online. Spend at least a week studying before you take the test. The test is given at the DMV, and you take it on a computer or on paper depending on your location. Once you pass, you receive your learner's permit, which lets you drive with a licensed adult in the car.

Hold your learner's permit for the required time

After you get your learner's permit, you must hold it for a minimum period before you can take the driving test. This period is usually 6 months, but some states require 12 months, and a few allow as little as 3 months. During this time, you practice driving with a licensed adult — usually a parent, guardian, or driving instructor — sitting next to you. Your state's DMV website specifies who is allowed to supervise you and any restrictions on when or where you can drive.

Use this time to build real driving experience. Practice in different weather, on highways and city streets, at different times of day, and in heavy traffic if possible. Many states recommend at least 50 hours of supervised driving before you take the test, though this is not always a legal requirement. The more you practice, the more confident and safer you'll be behind the wheel, and the more likely you are to pass the driving test on your first attempt.

Schedule and take the driving test

Once you've held your learner's permit for the required time, you can schedule your driving test at the DMV. Most states let you book online through the DMV website, by phone, or in person. Tests are often booked weeks in advance, so schedule early if you have a specific date in mind. Bring your learner's permit, proof of insurance (required in most states), and the vehicle you'll be driving for the test.

The driving test usually lasts 20 to 40 minutes and covers basic skills: starting the car, steering, braking, turning, parking, and following traffic laws. A DMV examiner sits in the passenger seat and scores you on safety, control, and whether you follow instructions. You must pass to get your full driver's license. If you fail, you can usually retake the test after a waiting period — often a few days to a week — and you may have to pay a fee for each attempt.

Understand the restrictions that explore to your license

If you're under 18 when you get your license, it will likely come with restrictions that don't explore to drivers 18 and older. These restrictions vary by state but commonly include: no driving between certain hours (often 11 p.m. to 5 a.m.), limits on the number of passengers you can carry, no use of cell phones while driving, and no driving alone for a set period. Some states use a "graduated" system where restrictions ease after you've held your license for a certain time without violations.

Your state's DMV will give you a document explaining your specific restrictions when you receive your license. Read it carefully and follow it exactly — violating a restriction can result in a fine, points on your record, or suspension of your license. Ask your parent or guardian to review the restrictions with you, and make sure you understand what you can and cannot do before you drive.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I get a driver's license without a learner's permit first?

No. Every state requires you to hold a learner's permit before you can take the driving test for a full license. The permit period exists so you can practice under supervision before driving alone. The minimum permit-holding time varies by state, usually between 3 and 12 months.

What if I fail the driving test?

You can retake it after a waiting period, usually a few days to a week. Your state's DMV will tell you when you can schedule your next test and whether there's a fee. Most people pass on their second or third attempt. Use the time between tests to practice the skills the examiner said you need to improve.

Do I need to take a driver's education course?

Some states require it, others recommend it but don't require it. Check your state's DMV website to see if a course is mandatory for your age. Even if it's not required, taking a course can help you pass the tests and become a safer driver. Courses are offered by high schools, private driving schools, and online.

What happens if I get a ticket or accident before I turn 18?

Traffic violations and accidents go on your driving record and can affect your insurance rates. Some violations may also result in points on your license or suspension. Your state's DMV website explains the consequences for different violations. If you're suspended, you cannot drive until the suspension period ends.

Can I drive out of state with my license?

Yes, your license is valid in all states. However, the restrictions on your license (like night driving limits) explore wherever you drive. If you travel to another state, follow both your home state's restrictions and that state's traffic laws.