What undocumented immigrants can do to get a driver's license

Whether you can get a driver's license as an undocumented immigrant depends entirely on which state you live in. Some states issue licenses to undocumented people; others do not. A few states have created separate driving permits for people without legal status. The process, documents required, and what the license or permit will say on it all vary by state.

This matters because a driver's license is often the only form of ID accepted for routine tasks — renting an apartment, opening a bank account, boarding a domestic flight, or proving your age. A state-issued driving permit serves the same purpose in states that offer it. If your state does not offer either, you may be able to get an ID card instead, though that does not let you drive legally.

Key Takeaways

  • Twenty-one states and Washington, D.C. issue driver's licenses to undocumented immigrants, though each has different document requirements and fees.
  • Some states issue special driving permits or privilege cards instead of full licenses, which allow you to drive but may have restrictions.
  • States that do issue licenses to undocumented people typically require proof of identity, proof of state residency, and a passing written and driving test.
  • You will need to contact your state's Department of Motor Vehicles directly to learn what documents they accept as proof of identity and residency.

States that issue driver's licenses to undocumented immigrants

As of now, these states issue standard driver's licenses to undocumented immigrants: California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, Washington, and Washington, D.C. This list changes — some states have recently passed laws to begin issuing licenses, while others have ended the practice. Check your state's Department of Motor Vehicles website to confirm current policy.

Each state sets its own rules about what documents you must bring, how long the license lasts, and whether it can be used for federal purposes like boarding a plane. Some states issue a standard license identical to what citizens receive. Others mark the license as "not for federal identification" or issue it with a different design so it cannot be used at airports or federal buildings.

The fee for a driver's license in states that issue them to undocumented immigrants ranges from about $30 to $150, depending on the state and how long the license is valid. Some states charge the same fee to everyone; others charge differently based on immigration status.

States that issue driving permits instead of licenses

A handful of states do not issue full driver's licenses to undocumented immigrants but do offer a separate driving permit or privilege card. These permits allow you to drive legally within that state but typically cannot be used as identification for other purposes. The permit usually looks different from a standard license and may have restrictions — for example, it might only be valid for driving to work or school, or it might expire sooner than a regular license.

If your state offers a driving permit rather than a license, the process process is usually similar: you bring proof of identity, proof of residency, and pass a written and driving test. The fee is typically lower than a full license, ranging from $20 to $80.

Documents you will likely need to bring

States that issue licenses or permits to undocumented immigrants accept different forms of identification. There is no single federal list, so you must check with your specific state's Department of Motor Vehicles. However, common documents include a passport from your home country, a consular ID card (issued by your country's embassy or consulate in the U.S.), a birth certificate, or a national ID card from your home country.

For proof of state residency, most states accept utility bills, lease agreements, bank statements, or mail from a government agency showing your name and address. The document usually must be dated within the last 60 days. Some states also accept an affidavit of residency — a signed statement from someone who lives with you — if you cannot produce other documents.

You will also need to pass a written test on traffic laws and road signs, and a driving test showing you can operate a vehicle safely. Some states offer the written test in multiple languages; others offer it only in English. Check your state's DMV website to see what languages are available and whether you can bring an interpreter.

How to find out what your state requires

The fastest way to learn whether your state issues licenses or permits to undocumented immigrants, and what documents you need, is to visit your state's Department of Motor Vehicles website directly. Search for "[your state] DMV undocumented" or look for a section titled "REAL ID" or "Driver's License Requirements." Many state DMV websites have a page specifically for non-citizens or people without a Social Security number.

If the website does not have clear information, call your state's DMV customer service line. Have your state name ready, and ask: "Does your state issue a driver's license or driving permit to people without legal immigration status? What documents do I need to bring?" Write down the answer and any document names they mention, because you will need to gather those documents before you go to the DMV office.

You can also contact your local consulate or a community organization that serves immigrants in your area. Many organizations have staff who know the DMV requirements and can help you gather documents or prepare for the test.

What happens if your state does not issue licenses to undocumented immigrants

If your state does not issue driver's licenses or permits to undocumented immigrants, you cannot legally drive in that state. Driving without a license carries criminal penalties that vary by state — typically a fine, possible jail time, and a record that can affect future immigration proceedings.

In this situation, you may be able to get a state ID card for non-driving purposes. An ID card is not a license and does not permit you to drive, but it can be used to prove your identity and age for things like opening a bank account or boarding a domestic flight in some cases. Check your state's DMV website to see whether ID cards are available to undocumented immigrants.

Some people in states without undocumented license programs travel to a neighboring state that does issue them, get a license there, and then return home. This is legal as long as you meet that state's residency requirements. However, many states now require proof of state residency (such as a utility bill or lease in your name), which makes this approach difficult if you do not have a residence in that state.

The difference between a driver's license and a REAL ID

A standard driver's license issued to an undocumented immigrant in a state that allows it is valid for driving within that state. However, it may not be accepted for federal purposes. The REAL ID is a federal security standard that some states use for their licenses. A REAL ID license can be used to board a domestic airplane or enter a federal building.

Most states that issue licenses to undocumented immigrants do not issue REAL ID licenses to them. The license will be marked "not for federal identification" or have a different color or design to show it does not meet REAL ID standards. If you need to board a plane or enter a federal building, you will need a passport from your home country or another federal form of ID.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I use a driver's license issued to an undocumented immigrant to board a plane?

It depends on the state and the type of license. If your license is marked "not for federal identification," you cannot use it to board a domestic flight. You will need a passport from your home country instead. Some states do issue licenses that meet federal standards to undocumented immigrants, but this is rare. Check your license or call your state's DMV to confirm whether yours qualifies.

What if I do not have a passport or consular ID from my home country?

Contact your country's consulate or embassy in the U.S. They can issue you a consular ID card, which many states accept as proof of identity for a driver's license. The process usually takes a few weeks and costs money, but it is often the most straightforward path. Some states also accept other documents like a birth certificate or national ID card if you can obtain one.

Will getting a driver's license affect my immigration status?

Getting a driver's license does not change your immigration status. However, the information you provide at the DMV is kept in a state database. In rare cases, this information has been shared with immigration authorities. If you are concerned about this, speak with an immigration attorney before explore. Some community organizations also offer free legal consultations for immigrants.

Can I renew a driver's license issued to an undocumented immigrant?

Yes, in states that issue licenses to undocumented immigrants, you can renew your license when it expires. The renewal process is usually simpler than the initial process — you may not need to retake the driving test. Check your state's DMV website for renewal requirements and fees.

What should I do if I get pulled over and do not have a license?

If you are driving without a license in a state that does not issue them to undocumented immigrants, you are breaking the law. If you are pulled over, remain calm and polite. You have the right to remain silent and to refuse a search of your vehicle without a warrant. Do not sign anything or answer questions about your immigration status. Contact an immigration attorney as soon as possible.